sRI hirmMdr swihb
sRI AMimRqsr, is`K kOm dw pRmu`K kyNdrI Dwrimk AsQwn hY[ AMimRq srovr
dy drimAwn suSoiBq hirmMdr swihb qoN ielwhI bwxI dIAW auTdIAW DunW
AMimRq srovr dIAW lihrW nwl iml ky cOigrdy dy vwqwvrn nUM AiDAwqmk
sugMDI nwl srSwr krdIAW hn[ pRvyS duAwr qoN pRkrkmW ivc pYr DridAW
hI hr XwqrU Awpxy Awp nUM pRIqm ky dys dw vwsI AnuBv krdw hY[ XwqrU
Bwvy iksy dyS, Drm, jwqI, nsl jW iK`qy dw hovy hirmMdr swihb dy cOigrdy
ivc Awpxy Awp nUM AiDAwqmk rMgq ivc rMigAw mihsUs krdw hY[
hirmMdr
swihb smsq mwnvqw leI srb sWJw Dwrimk AsQwn hY, ij`Qy hr Drm, jwqI,
nsl, dyS dw mwnv AwpxI AiDAwqmk Kurwk, mwnisk SkqI qy Awqmk iqRpqI
ibnW rok tok, ivqkry dy pRwpq kr skdw hY[ hirmMdr swihb mwnvI ipAwr,
ieiqPwk, r`bI eykqw, brwbrqw, srb sWJIvwlqw dw sdIvI AmlI pRgtwA hY
[
is`KW vwsqy hirmMdr swihb ie`k
Dwrimk kyNdr hI nhIN, sgoN is`K kOm dI ivl`Kx hoNd-hsqI, svYmwx, ieiqhws
qy ivrwsq dI jgdI joq hY[ is`K kOm dI hoNd-hsqI, Drm, smwj qy rwjnIqI,
hirmMdr swihb dy sMklp, isDWq qy ieiqhws nwl juVI hoeI hY[ hirmMdr
swihb dw sMklp isDWq qy srUp pwvn bwxI ivc AMikq hY, ijs nUM srgux
srUp ivc pMcm pwqSwh gurU Arjn dyv jI ny pRgt kr, mwnvqw nUM AwdriSk
Drm mMidr dw swKSwq srUp Byt kIqw[ hirmMdr swihb dy sMklp-isDWq, AMdrUnI
qy bwhrI suMdrqw qy gOrvmeI ieiqhwisk ivrsy nUM klmb`D krnw jy AsMBv
nhIN qW muSikl zrUr hY[ hirmMdr swihb qW AnuBv dw ivSw hY[
sRI gurU Amrdws jI pRyrnW nwl (gurU)
rwmdws jI ny 1577 eI: ivc "AMimRq srovr" dI KudvweI AwrMB krvweI Aqy
1588 eI: ivc gurU Arjn dyv jI ny AMimRq srovr nUM p`ikAW krvwieAw[
pihlI mwG, sMmq 1645 (15 dsMbr, 1588 eI:) nUM pMcm pwqSwh gurU Arjn
dyv jI ny hirmMdr swihb dI, AwrMBqw krvweI Aqy sRI gurU gRMQ swihb
jI dw Awid srUp sMpUrn hox qy BwdroN sudI eykm, sMmq 1661 (16 Agsq,
1604) nUM pihlI vwr hirmMdr swihb ivKy pRkwSmwn kr, hirmMdr swihb
dy AwdrS nUM sMpUrnqw pRdwn kr srb sWJI gurbwxI dy inrMqr jwp dI mirAwdw
inrDwirq kIqI[ gurU Gr dy AinMn syvk bwbw bu`Fw jI nUM pihly mu`K
gRMQI hox dw mwx siqkwr hwisl hoieAw[
hirmMdr swihb dI inrmwx
klw AdBu`q qy ALoikk hY[ DrqI dy bwhrI ql qoN kwPI nIvwx ivc bxy AMimRq
srovr drimAwn isrjq, hirmMdr swihb mwnvqw nUM inmrqw, inrmwxqw qy
inrvYqw dw pihlw pwT pVwauNdw hY[ hirmMdr swihb dy cwr idSwvW ivc
bxy cwr drvwzy cONh vrnW dI lokweI nUM brwbrqw, sWJIvwlqw dw Aihsws
krvwaUNdy hn[
mIrI-pIrI dy mwilk sRI gurU hrgoibMd swihb
jI ny hirmMdr swihb dy snmu`K 1606 eI: ivc Akwl buMgy dw inrmwx kwrj
krvwieAw jo ip`CoN sRI Akwl qKq swihb dy nwm nwl ivSv pRis`D hoieAw,
ijs bwry ivSyS jwxkwrI Al`g id`qI jwvygI[ sRI gurU hrgoibMd swihb
jI dy AMimRqsr qoN kIrqpur jwx auprMq, hirmMdr swihb dw pRbMD ipRQI
cMd, imhrbwn, qy hir jI pws irhw[ Kwlsy dI isrjxW auprMq gurU goibMd
isMG jI ny BweI mnI isMG jI nUM hirmMdr swihb jI dI syvw-sMBwl qy
pRbMD leI aucycy qOr 'qy AMimRqsr ByijAw[ is~K sMGrS kwl dOrwn hirmMdr
swihb hmySW duSmx SkqIAW nUM rVkdw irhw[ Syry pMjwb mhwrwjw rxjIq
isMG dy dOrwn hirmMdr swihb dI iemwrq dy inrmwx qy suMdrIkrn v`l ivSyS
iDAwn id`qw igAw[ srkwr Kwlsw ny hirmMdr swihb 'qy sony, Aqy pRkrmw
ivc sMgmrmr dI ivSyS qOr 'qy syvw krvweI[ hirmMdr swihb 'qy sony dy
sunihrI p`qirAW dI cmk krky nWA vI golfn tYNpl pRisD hoieAw[ hirmMdr
swihb qy bhuq smW ipqw purKI mhMq kwbz rhy, 1920 eI: ivc SRomxI gurduAwrw
pRbMDk kmytI ny gurU-pMQ dI pRqIinD sMsQw vjoN syvw sMBwlI Aqy XwqrUAW
dI shUlq vwsqy bhuq swrIAW hor iemwrqW dI auswrI krvweI[
1995 eI: ivc sony dI cmk ivc Prk Aw jwx kwrx
sony dI nvyN isirauN syvw krn dw kwrj, gurU nwnwk inSkwm syvk jQw,
brimMGm ny is`K sMgqW dy sihXog nwl AwrMiBAw, joo 1999 dI ivswKI nUM
bwhrI rUp ivc sMpUrn hoieAw[ AMimRq srovr dw jl ie`k ivSyS hMslI rwhIN
AwauNdw hY[ jl dI sv`Cqw vwsqy hux q`k keI vwr kwr syvw ho cu`kI hY[
hirmMdr swihb dy drSn krn Awey XwqrU Awm krky
AMimRq srovr dI pRkrmW krdy hoey drSnI ifauFI qoN pul dy rsqy hirmMdr
swihb dy p`CmIN drvwzy rwhIN pRvyS kr sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dy pwvn
srUp dy snmu`K SrDw siqkwr Byt krdy hn[ hirmMdr swihb dI crn DUV prs,
swh-sqhIx hoieAw mnu`K vI swhs Aqy sudqI BrpUr mihsUs krdw hY Aqy
d`KxIN drvwzy rwhIN bwhr inkl, hir kI pauVI qoN cULw lY ky jwqI haumY-AhMkwr
dI au`cqw qoN injHwq pwauNdw hY[ vwpsI qy kVwh pRswid lY ky Akwl qKq
swihb dy drSn kr, mIrI-pIrI dy pRqIk inSwn swihbW dy nzdIk ilKy AMimRq
vyly hirmMdr swihb qoN Awey mhWvwk (hukmnwmw) nUM pVH ky gurU dy hukm
qy c`lx dw inSTw krdy hn[
hirmMdr swihb dy drSn ieSnwnW nUM Awey XwqrU
gurduAwrw du`K BMjxIN byrI, gurduAwrw ShId bwbw dIp isNMG, gu: lwcI
byr, gu: ShId bwbw gurbKS isMG, gu: QVHw swihb Awid AsQwnW 'qy vI
SrDw siqkwr Byt kr, kyNdrI is`K Ajwieb Gr Aqy is`K rYPrYNs lwiebRyrI
qoN gOrvmeI is`K ivrsy dI jwxkwrI pRwpq krdy hn[
hirmMdr swihb is`K jIvn jwc qy ivSvws dw somW
hox krky hmySW duSmx qwkqW nUM rVHkdw vI irhw[ iehI kwrx hY ik kdy
mugl, kdy APgwn, kdy durHwnI, qy kdy Awpxy AKvwaux vwly AMimRq dy
ies Amu`k somy nUM smwpq krn leI XqnSIl hoey pr ivcwry AwpxI hI hoNd-hsqI
guAw bYTy[ BwvyN hirmMdr swihb dI piv`qrqw nUM brkrwr r`Kx leI smyN-smyN
AnykW sUrbIr-bhwdr, guris`K-isrl`Q XoiDAW nUM Shwdq dw jwm pIxW ipAw[
hirmMdr swihb hmySW dI qrHW ipAwr-muh`bq dw sMdyS mwnvqw nUM inrMqr
vMf irhw hY[
hirmMdr swihb pRmu`K, piv`qr, ieiqhwisk Sihr
AMimRqsr ivKy suSoiBq hY[ jo id`lI qoN 440 ik:mI:, lwhOr qoN 48, jlMDr
qoN 80, btwlw qoN 38, qrnqwrn qoN 24 ik:mI: dI dUrI 'qy siQq hY[ ieh
AMqr-rwStrI eyArport AMimRqsr qoN 20 iklomItr, au`qrI Bwrq dy pRis`D
rylvy stySn AMimRqsr qo 3 ik:mI: qy AMqrrwjI bs stYNf qoN kyvl 1.5
ik:mI: dI ivQ 'qy hY[ XwqrUAW dI shUlq vwsqy rylvy stySn qy bs stYf
qoN hirmMdr swihb q`k SRomxI kmytI, sRI AMimRqsr v`loN PRI bs syvw
dI shULq id`qI jw rhI hY[ dyS ivdyS qoN rozwnw hzwrW SrDwlU SrDw siqkwr
ByNt krn vwsqy hirmMdr swihb AwauNdy hn[
hirmMdr swihb Awaux vwly XwqrUAW dI irhwieS
Aqy lMgr pRswid dw bhuq hI auic`q pRbMD hY[ gurU rwmdws lMgr ivc rozwnW
50 hzwr dy krIb SrDwlU pRSwdw Ckdy hn[
hirmMdr swihb ijs nUM ik sRI drbwr swihb vI
ikhw jWdw hY, dw pRbMD, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI, sRI AMimRqsr,
mYnyjr, sRI drbwr swihb rwhIN krdI hY[
